Le marché du travail actuel allemand affiche un taux de chômage de 5,2% pour le mois d’octobre 2013, un taux extrêmement bas comparé aux autres pays de l’Europe. Effectivement, le taux de chômage pour la même période de la France est de 10,9%. Il est également à noter que celui de l’Espagne, de l’Italie et du Royaume-Uni est respectivement de 26,7%, 12,5% et 7.4%.
Depuis 1998 et l’arrivée à la chancellerie du social-démocrate Gerhard Schröder, alors membre du SPD (Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands), l’Allemagne a engagé de profondes réformes structurelles et a libéralisé le marché du travail. Cette politique ne diffère que de très peu de celle conduite par la chancelière chrétienne-démocrate Angela Merkel, au pouvoir depuis 2005 et issue de la CDU (Christlich Demokratische Union Deutschlands), parti dont une très grande partie se réclame de la social-démocratie.
Les syndicats allemands font partie des plus puissants au monde, s’ils ne sont les premiers. Historiquement, la social-démocratie allemande est censée encadrer un rapport de force entre le patronat et les syndicats, dont ces-derniers devraient obtenir des contreparties en échange d’une baisse de charges sur les entreprises. Objectivement, ce cas de figure théorique semble bien loin de la réalité actuelle en Allemagne.
Bien qu’ayant généré, d’un point de vue macroéconomique, une amélioration indéniable de la situation économique globale de l’Allemagne, la politique menée par ses dirigeants a entraîné une certaine précarisation des travailleurs. Il existe des contrats de travail dans lesquels figure une absence de salaire minimum (qui ne dépasse pas les 400€) et dont l’employé est exonéré de certains impôts (« Minijob »). Par ailleurs, environ 9,1% de la population allemande cumule deux emplois différents, un chiffre en hausse.
Ainsi, les inégalités tendent à se creuser de plus en plus, même si Angela Merkel a énoncé la mise en place d’un salaire minimum dans les mois à venir. Il est tout de même à noter que le salaire annuel brut moyen est un des plus élevés d’Europe.
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The current labor market in Germany indicates an unemployment rate of 5.2% for the month of October 2013, an extremely low rate compared to the other countries of Europe. Indeed, the unemployment rate for the same period in France is 10.9%. It also has to be noted that Spain, Italy and the United Kingdom indicate respectively an unemployment rate of 26.7%, 12.5% and 7.4 %.
Since 1998 and the arrival at the Chancellery of the Social Democrat Gerhard Schröder, who was at this time a member of the SPD (Partei Deutschlands Sozialdemokratische), Germany has undertaken substantial structural reforms and liberalized the labor market. This policy differs very little from that conducted by the Christian Democratic Chancellor Angela Merkel, in power since 2005 and who come from the CDU (Demokratische Union Deutschlands Christlich), a party that is largely close to the ideology of social democracy.
German unions are one of the most powerful in the world and may be the first at several points of view. Historically, the German Social Democracy is supposed to regulate the power balance between employers and trade unions, which should get counterparties in exchange for a reduction of burdens on companies. Objectively, this theoretical situation cannot be currently observed in Germany.
The overall economic situation in Germany has clearly been improved by this policy and its leaders, but it has also caused an augmentation of precarious workers. For instance, there are employment contracts which include a lack of a minimum wage (which does not exceed 400€ by the way), and the employees do not have to pay certain taxes ("Minijob"). In addition, about 9.1% of the German population combines two different jobs, a rate that is increasing.
Thus, inequalities tend to increase, even if Angela Merkel informed that the establishment of a minimum wage would be done in the coming months. Nonetheless, it has to be noted that the average annual gross salary is one of the highest in Europe.
The current labor market in Germany indicates an unemployment rate of 5.2% for the month of October 2013, an extremely low rate compared to the other countries of Europe. Indeed, the unemployment rate for the same period in France is 10.9%. It also has to be noted that Spain, Italy and the United Kingdom indicate respectively an unemployment rate of 26.7%, 12.5% and 7.4 %.
Since 1998 and the arrival at the Chancellery of the Social Democrat Gerhard Schröder, who was at this time a member of the SPD (Partei Deutschlands Sozialdemokratische), Germany has undertaken substantial structural reforms and liberalized the labor market. This policy differs very little from that conducted by the Christian Democratic Chancellor Angela Merkel, in power since 2005 and who come from the CDU (Demokratische Union Deutschlands Christlich), a party that is largely close to the ideology of social democracy.
German unions are one of the most powerful in the world and may be the first at several points of view. Historically, the German Social Democracy is supposed to regulate the power balance between employers and trade unions, which should get counterparties in exchange for a reduction of burdens on companies. Objectively, this theoretical situation cannot be currently observed in Germany.
The overall economic situation in Germany has clearly been improved by this policy and its leaders, but it has also caused an augmentation of precarious workers. For instance, there are employment contracts which include a lack of a minimum wage (which does not exceed 400€ by the way), and the employees do not have to pay certain taxes ("Minijob"). In addition, about 9.1% of the German population combines two different jobs, a rate that is increasing.
Thus, inequalities tend to increase, even if Angela Merkel informed that the establishment of a minimum wage would be done in the coming months. Nonetheless, it has to be noted that the average annual gross salary is one of the highest in Europe.
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